Answer:
Molecular genetic approaches to the study of plant metabolism can be traced back to the isolation of the first cDNA encoding a plant enzyme (Bedbrook et al., 1980), the use of the Agrobacterium Ti plasmid to introduce foreign DNA into plant cells (Hernalsteens et al., 1980) and the establishment of routine plant transformation systems (Bevan, 1984; Horsch et al., 1985). It became possible to express foreign genes in plants and potentially to overexpress plant genes using cDNAs linked to strong promoters, with the aim of modifying metabolism. However, the discovery of the antisense phenomenon of plant gene silencing (van der Krol et al., 1988; Smith et al., 1988), and subsequently co‐suppression (Napoli et al., 1990; van der Krol et al., 1990), provided the most powerful and widely‐used methods for investigating the roles of specific enzymes in metabolism and plant growth. The antisense or co‐supression of gene expression, collectively known as post‐transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), has been particularly versatile and powerful in studies of plant metabolism. With such molecular tools in place, plant metabolism became accessible to investigation and manipulation through genetic modification and dramatic progress was made in subsequent years (Stitt and Sonnewald, 1995; Herbers and Sonnewald, 1996), particularly in studies of solanaceous species (Frommer and Sonnewald, 1995).
<span>A) bacteria. Membrane-bound organelles are found in eukaryotic cells. However, bacteria are prokaryotic, meaning that they do not have membrane bound organelles.</span>
Answer:
A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment. Such fact-supported theories are not "guesses" but reliable accounts of the real world.
Explanation:
<span>There are two ways of taking Doxycycline, directly ingesting the capsule or by opening the capsule and administering with applesauce. Due to its ability to cause abrasion in the esophagus, it should be taken with at least eight ounces of fluid. With the applesauce, it is important that the nurse measures the contents and ensure that the patient drinks the full glass of fluids.</span>
How did stromatolites contribute oxygen to the early atmosphere?
by weathering of rocks
through photolysis
through methane degradation
through photosynthesis
Answer:
by weathering of rocks
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