Answer:
D and A
Explanation:
Fever is not a symptom of cardiomyopathy because fever is usually associated with a infection and cardiomyopathy is not. The usual symptoms of cardiomyopathy are: Breathlessness, swelling of members, bloating of the abdomen, fatigue, uneven heartbeats and dizziness.
Physical activity prevents cardiovascular diseases. All the other alternatives are risks factors for a cardiovascular condition. Obesity can cause obstruction of blood vessel, diabetes causes circulation system problems and tobacco use damages tissues and blood vessels.
Answer:
A. are difficult to distinguish from other illnesses is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Answer:
b. The rats press the lever least when cocaine is presented.
Explanation:
Reinforcement or reward refers to the physiological processes by which a given behavior, such as drug use, becomes habitual. This occurs when neurons release the neurotransmitter dopamine to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) after drug use.
In tobacco, nicotine is the main component triggering of the reinforcement. Once inside the brain, nicotine activates nicotinic receptors, which in turn contributes to the reinforcement mechanism. Following repeated exposure to nicotine, a neuroadaptation process is established for some (but not all) effects of nicotine. Increased brain nAChRs (acetylcoline receptors) are observed in response to desensitization of these nicotine-mediated receptors. This desensitization can play an important role in the development of tolerance and dependence.
The fact that nicotine is a weak reinforcer, means that maybe the rat already had an neuroadaptation with this drug, not feeling anything with this drug anymore, and thats why he would prefer other drug, like cocaine, pressing the lever of nicotine less often.
The answer is A. Cleanliness
