Answer:
exposure A quantity used to express external ionizing radiation, or to indicate presence of radionuclides or radiation affecting individuals or populations (for example, “exposure” to radionuclides in the environment). gray (Gy) The SI unit of absorbed dose. 1 Gy equals an absorbed dose of 1 J/kg (100 rad).
Explanation:
Answer:
b) blastic red blood cell (RBC).
Explanation:
In excess of 340 blood group antigens have now been described that vary between individuals. Thus, any unit of blood that is nonautologous represents a significant dose of alloantigen. Most blood group antigens are proteins, which differ by a single amino acid between donors and recipients. Approximately 1 out of every 70 individuals are transfused each year (in the United States alone), which leads to antibody responses to red blood cell <u>(RBC) alloantigens</u> in some transfusion recipients. When alloantibodies are formed, in many cases, RBCs expressing the antigen in question can no longer be safely transfused. However, despite chronic transfusion, only 3% to 10% of recipients (in general) mount an alloantibody response. In some disease states, rates of alloimmunization are much higher (eg, sickle cell disease). For patients who become alloimmunized to multiple antigens, ongoing transfusion therapy becomes increasingly difficult or, in some cases, impossible. While alloantibodies are the ultimate immune effector of humoral alloimmunization, the cellular underpinnings of the immune system that lead to ultimate alloantibody production are complex, including antigen consumption, antigen processing, antigen presentation, T-cell biology.
lungs can’t remove enough of the carbon dioxide (CO2) that the body produces
Excess CO2 causes the pH of your blood and other bodily fluids to decrease, making them too acidic.
This is called respiratory acidosis
