Answer AND Explanation:
Proteins are formed from the translation of mRNA to amino acid. Each set of 3 nucleotides make up a codon that codes for a specific amino acid. Frameshift mutations can also impact the formation of the protein. A change in a nucleotide does not always change the amino acid or protein because some amino acids have more than one set of 3 nucleotides that code for them. Valine, for example, is coded for by GUU, GUC, GUA and GUG. A change in the last nucleotide wouldn't affect the amino acid formed. However,GAG codes for glutamic acid.
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are organelles found in plant cells. Chloroplasts contains the cholrophylls while the mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell where energy is found. In this case, the two organelles not only have inner membranes but also their own DNA and ribosomes
TritionalshiftsofEscherichiacoliB/rtorichermediahavebeenanalyzedinsynchronouslygrowingandexponential-phasepopulations.Earlyperturbationsinthetimingofcelldivisionwereobserved.Attheslowgrowth,divisionpro-gressedatarateequaltoorlessthanthepreshiftrateforabout1h.Atintermediategrowth,bothdelaysandaccelerationindivisionwereobserved.Theextentoftheperturbationdependedupontheageofthecellsatthetimeoftheshiftandthecompositionofthepreshiftandpostshiftmedia.TheperturbationwasdifferentinthetwosubstrainsofE.coliB/r I got this from http://jb.asm.org/content/136/2/631.full.pdf hopefully it helps you
