Answer:
Biology can simply be described as the study of living organisms. Biology is divided into many sub categories depending on the features of life that we want to study. For example, molecular biology is the study of molecules which make up living organisms.
Zoology can be described as a branch of biology under which animals are studied. The field of zoology involved studying the taxonomy of animals, their evolutionary histories, physiology, embryology etc. All these studies are parts of biology hence zoology and biology are related.
Apart from these other unifying principles shared between zoology and biology are genetics, cell biology, population biology,biochemistry etc.
Answer:
Explained
Explanation:
Bone healing has three main processes and these stages are overlapping to each other. These processes are inflammation,bone production and bone remodeling.
Inflammation occurs immediately after the fracture and last several days. It enables clotting of blood. It provides initial structure stability and framework for new bone formation.
Bone production occurs when the clotted blood formed by inflammation is replaced with fibrous tissues and cartilage as soft callous.
Bone remodeling is the final stage of the bone healing and it goes on for several months. Bone continues to form and compact. Bones returns to its original shape and the blood circulation in that area improves.
The amoxicillin and the ampicillin are known to degrade the cell wall. both of these antibiotics have β- lactam in their structure. The structure of the ampicillin and the amoxicillin is similar having a single difference at the 4th position of benzene ring. The structure of the amoxicillin have an addition OH or hydroxyl group at the 4th position in the benzene ring.
As the structure of ampicillin and amoxicillin is similar, the bacteria having ampicillin resistance can also show amoxicillin resistance.
MODE OF ACTION OF AMOXICILLIN:
The amoxicillin binds with the pencillin binding proteins, present in the bacterial cell wall. The binding of the amoxicillin inhibits the enzyme transpepetidase, which is an important enzyme for the synthesis of the cell wall. it also inhibit murine hydrolases and inhibit the assembling of cell wall.
The amoxicillin effects the cell walls of the bacteria, as the animals cells do not have cell wall, they only have a cell membrane, the increase in the dose would not effect the animal cell.
Answer:
Category D
Explanation:
In the USA, the Federal Animal Welfare Regulations require that research laboratories report animal use according to the species as well as the number of individuals subject to experimentation procedures. Moreover, animal use for research/teaching purposes is also reported according to the classification by pain and distress categories. Basically, this classification has four categories (B,C, D and E) in increasing order according to the pain level suffered by research animals. Animals within Category D include those subjected to potentially painful or stressful procedures. In consequence, in this category, it is imperative the utilization of proper anesthetics and/or analgesics in order to diminish the pain and suffering of these animals at the lower level possible.
