The confederation has succeeded in establishing a new country. However, the residents of each state still tended to think of themselves as citizens of their particular state rather than as Americans. Under the Articles, many of the states continued to have only limited contact with each other. This made it difficult for them to agree on the common interests and goals for the government.
As the days get shorter and the temperature drops, this bear overeats and stores food as fat to get ready for hibernation.
When hibernate, bears will keep sleeping so they won't get any food from outside so they need to collect the food before hibernating. They have to eat more food than usual and stored it as fat to keep them from starving. The fats also help keep them warm as they are insulating the heat.
Answer: Explanation:
Sickle hemoglobin differs from normal hemoglobin by a single amino acid: valine replaces glutamate at position 6 on the surface of the beta chain. Therefore the red blood cell bends differently giving it a sickle shape
Costa Rica is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. It also borders the Gulf of Nicoya.
Answer:
A proton gradient is generated by the transport of protons into the thylakoid lumen.
Protons move from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma through ATP synthase, producing ATP.
Explanation:
During photosynthesis, the environment is made acidic inside the lumen i.e. H⁺ are pumped into thylakoid lumen from stroma as a result of which more H⁺ are present in the thylakoid lumen as compared to stroma. It happens during light dependent reaction of photosynthesis. The concentration of H⁺ is already higher in lumen and transfer of more and more H⁺ from stroma increases the concentration of H⁺ even more leading to generation of a potential gradient. These H⁺ subsequently tend to move freely from lumen to stroma via "reverse pumps known as ATP synthase". The reason why these are known as reverse pumps is because pumps usually move particles from lower to higher concentration which is an active movement i.e. not natural so such movement requires energy. Naturally particles move from higher to lower concentration gradient until the concentration becomes equal on both the sides but pumps act opposite of this natural process and move particles from lower to higher concentration and utilize energy to do it. But here H⁺ are moving from higher to lower concentration which occurs naturally so ATP synthase rather than using energy tend to generate energy and this free energy is used to generate ATP from ADP & Pi (inorganic phosphate).
