if an independent-measures study uses n = 15 participants in each group to compare two treatment conditions. then 28 is the df value for the t statistic for this study.
The t-statistic, which is used in statistics, measures how far a parameter's estimated value deviates from its hypothesised value relative to its standard error. Through the Student's t-test, it is utilised in hypothesis testing. In a t-test, the t-statistic is used to decide whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis. The t-statistic is used when the sample size is small or the population standard deviation is unknown. It is quite similar to the z-score in other respects. Once the standard deviation is unknown, the t-statistic is in use, for one, to approximate the population mean from a sampling distribution of sample statistics.
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Answer:
generalization
Explanation:
Generalization is a psychology term. This is a tendency to respond to different stimuli in the same way. It is a predictable and orderly response.
For example when a dog is trained to sit (CR) when you command your dog (CS). Soon the dog conditioned with the response and when you give the command to sit, the dog sit-down but if you say the word kit, hit, pit dog give same response and to sit down, so the dog generalizes the response with a similar word, but stimuli is different.
The failure of United States in the invasion of the bay of pigs in 1961 was a big diplomatic embarrassment for the administration of John F. Kennedy. The aftermath of the failed mission was the fear of the Americans about their neighbor nation.The United States reduced any products and trades coming from Cuba.
