The definition of a gem is "a precious stone, cut and polished for jewelry. They are all minerals. Some highly desirable gemstones may not be suitable for jewelry, yet be very collectible, like sphene. Others, like those in the corundum family, are prized for color and hardness, like emeralds and diamonds. Further, some common minerals, when polished, make beautiful pieces. With all that said, i woukd go with rarer.
I would assume so.
Given

, we can simplify the fraction to

Both would obtain the same proportions, so I don't see why putting a half cup of sugar would make things any different.
Hope this is the answer you are looking for.
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Answer:
5.00×10-19 J
Explanation:
E = hv
but v = c ÷ wavelength
E = (6.626×10-34) × ((3×10^8)÷(398×10-9))
= 4.9945×10-19
≈5.00×10-19
Hope this helps