Answer:
Tundra
Explanation:
Permafrost is a layer just beneath the surface of the ground that never thaws.
<span>The first part of the question is: The male's ability to shake its tail is the mechanistic cause of this behaviour. For the second part of the question, the mate choice is the adaptive function of this behaviour.</span>
The answer is chemostat as it is the one responsible of
having to produce microbial products in which are being synthesized in log
phase growth and in such it is having to add fresh medium and a culture liquid
that is being left over for nutrients.
Answer: Male red-winkled black birds defending limited nesting sites from other males.
Explanation: Intraspecific competition is defined as a competition between two individuals from the same species. There are two types of intraspecific competition which are interference intraspecific competition and exploitation intraspecific competition. For the purpose of the answer provided above, interference intraspecific competition is discussed.
In interference intraspecific competition, the species establish hierarchies through aggressive behavior in which one or more individuals within the population holds a dominant status over the others. These individuals limit or prevent access of more subordinate individuals to a resources through direct interactions.
Here, only those individuals who are dominant or holds territories will increase their production success. Example of this is in when two winkled black birds establishes a territory of nesting sites, thus limits the access of this nesting sites thereby defending the nesting sites from other males.
