A force of 8 N will be required.
<h3><u>Explanation:</u></h3>
Mechanical advantage is defined as the ratio of output force from a system to the input force into the system. A machine which has the mechanical advantage more than 1 means it requires less force to give more force as output. Similarly, when the mechanical advantage for the machine is less than 1,it means more force is required to give to achieve a less one.
Here in the question, the mechanical advantage of the pulley is 2.
Output force required to pull the sack of potatoes upto kitchen is 16N.
Mechanical advantage = Output force / input force.
Or, 2= 16 / input force.
So input force = 
So a force of 8 N will be required to pull the pulley.
The parent cannot produce an offspring with blood type 'o' because you can have a or b passed on so any answer with that in it will work
Genotype and the environment both can affect a phenotype.
Phenotype= a physical feature resulting from a certain genotype.
For example, let's say a person born with a genotype pp has the phenotype: pale skin. However, if they live in a sunny environment, then the melanin in their skin will increase over time changing their phenotype to tan skin. Does that make sense as to how both factors can impact phenotype?
I believe it's D. Tell me if I am wrong.