Dickens exposed societal prpblems
It contains an analogy and technical language but no allusion
From Emperor to citizen, the speaker's attitude towards his childhood years was unsatisfied and unhappy.
He graved for change from a person who's life is less to complex to simplier one. He's childhood years was full of dreams that he wants to be a man with power like an emperor, but indeed like an ordinary citizen.
Surfeit means an excess or an overabundance in supply