You are finally at the stage of the software life cycle where you begin programming. What is this stage called?
development
Check who you are sending it to before you hit send
Answer:
UTF-8 and ASCII both are the character encoding.
In a system,every character has some binary representation,these are the method to encode them.Earlier only ASCII was there, for every character it uses 8 bits to represent.In ASCII only 8 bytes were there i.e 2^8 that is 256.We can't represent number beyond than 127 so it generate a need for other encoding to get into,these drawbacks lead to Unicode,UTF-8.
As ASCII codes only uses a single byte,UTF-8 uses upto 6 bytes to represent the characters.So we can save characters which are as long as 2^48 characters. We can read this encoding easily by the help of shift operators and it is also independent of byte order.
As messages on internet were transferred over 7 bit ASCII messages,so many mail servers removed this encoding.
Answer:
(b) is used in Traceroute
(d) is used by Ping
Explanation:
ICMP is the short form of Internet Control Message Protocol. It is a protocol used by networking devices such as routers to perform network diagnostics and management. Since it is a messaging protocol, it is used for sending network error messages and operations information. A typical message could be;
i. Requested service is not available
ii. Host could not be reached
ICMP does not use ports. Rather it uses types and codes. Some of the most common types are <em>echo request</em> and <em>echo reply.</em>
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Traceroute - which is a diagnostic tool - uses some messages available in ICMP (such as <em>Time Exceeded</em>) to trace a network route.
Ping - which is an administrative tool for identifying whether a host is reachable or not - also uses ICMP. The ping sends ICMP <em>echo request </em>packets to the host and then waits for an ICMP <em>echo reply</em> from the host.
ICMP is not required to solve NAT traversal problem neither does it have a new version in IPV6.
