Ask question

Ask question

All categories

oksano4ka [1.4K]

2 years ago

12

Queues can be represented using linear arrays and have the variable REAR that point to the position from where insertions can be

done. Suppose the size of the array is 20, REAR=5. What is the value of the REAR after adding three elements to the queue?

Computers and Technology

1 answer:

Levart [38]2 years ago

7 0

Answer:

8

Explanation:

You might be interested in

Suppose that, even unrealistically, we are to search a list of 700 million items using Binary Search, Recursive (Algorithm 2.1).

damaskus [11]

Answer:

There is also an attachment below

Explanation:

Since we are talking about binary search, let's assume that the items are sorted according to some criteria.

Time complexity of binary search is O(logN) in worst case, best case and average case as well. That means it can search for an item in Log N time where N is size of the input. Here problem talks about the item not getting found. So, this is a worst case scenario. Even in this case, binary search runs in O(logN) time.

N = 700000000.

So, number of comparisions can be log(N) = 29.3 = 29.

So, in the worst case it does comparisions 29 times

7 0

3 years ago

What impact did congress declaration on copyrighting sound recordings have on home recording and record sales

cricket20 [7]

Answer:

By the late 1980s, several manufacturers were prepared to introduce read/write digital audio formats to the United States. These new formats were a significant improvement over the newly introduced read-only (at the time) digital format of the compact disc, allowing consumers to make perfect, multi-generation copies of digital audio recordings. Most prominent among these formats was Digital Audio Tape (DAT), followed in the early 1990s by Philips' Digital Compact Cassette (DCC) and Sony's Minidisc.

DAT was available as early as 1987 in Japan and Europe, but device manufacturers delayed introducing the format to the United States in the face of opposition from the recording industry. The recording industry, fearing that the ability to make perfect, multi-generation copies would spur widespread copyright infringement and lost sales, had two main points of leverage over device makers. First, consumer electronics manufacturers felt they needed the recording industry's cooperation to induce consumers – many of whom were in the process of replacing their cassettes and records with compact discs – to embrace a new music format. Second, device makers feared a lawsuit for contributory copyright infringement.[1]

Despite their strong playing hand, the recording industry failed to convince consumer electronics companies to voluntarily adopt copy restriction technology. The recording industry concurrently sought a legislative solution to the perceived threat posed by perfect multi-generation copies, introducing legislation mandating that device makers incorporate copy protection technology as early as 1987.[2] These efforts were defeated by the consumer electronics industry along with songwriters and music publishers, who rejected any solution that did not compensate copyright owners for lost sales due to home taping.[3]

The impasse was broken at a meeting in Athens in 1989, when representatives from the recording industry and the consumer electronics industry reached a compromise intended to enable the sale of DAT recorders in the United States. Device manufacturers agreed to include SCMS in all consumer DAT recorders in order to prevent serial copying. The recording industry would independently pursue legislation requiring royalties on digital audio recording devices and media.[4]

A year later the songwriter Sammy Cahn and four music publishers, unhappy with the absence of a royalties provision in the Athens agreement, filed a class action copyright infringement suit against Sony.[5] The plaintiffs sought declaratory and injunctive relief that would have prevented the manufacture, importation or distribution of DAT recorders or media in the United States. The suit brought Sony to heel. In July 1991, Sony, as part of larger agreement between the recording industry and consumer electronics makers, agreed to support legislation creating a royalty scheme for digital media. In exchange, Cahn and the publishers agreed to drop the suit.[6]

With all the major stakeholders satisfied, the bill easily passed both houses of Congress. President George H. W. Bush signed the AHRA into law in 1992 proclaiming " S. 1623 [AHRA] will ensure that American consumers have access to equipment embodying the new digital audio recording technology. It also protects the legitimate rights of our songwriters, performers, and recording companies to be fairly rewarded for their tremendous talent, expertise, and capital investment. This will be accomplished by fairly compensating these artists for the copying of their works and by creating a system that will prevent unfettered copying of digital audio tapes."

3 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Can someone write a 5 sentence summary about Virtual Assistants. Please. I'm in a rush. Personal problems.

Lyrx [107]

Virtual Assistants can be useful. Blind people can use them to be informed, browse the web, and learn new facts. They can make tasks quicker too. They can control things like your heater or air conditioner. But if one were to malfunction, it could take lives.

7 0

3 years ago

Create a program which will input data into a pipe one character at a time. Count the number of characters as they are written i

LenKa [72]

Answer:

a)

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<fcntl.h>

#include<unistd.h>

#define BUFSIZE 16

int main(){

//pipe descriptors

char msg[BUFSIZE];

char buf[BUFSIZE];

int pipefd[2];

if(pipe(pipefd) == -1){

//pipe creation error

perror("pipe");

exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

}

//pipe creation successfull

//write four messages

sprintf(msg , "apple");

write(pipefd[1], msg, BUFSIZE);

printf("Written %s\n", msg);

sprintf(msg , "boy");

write(pipefd[1], msg, BUFSIZE);

printf("Written %s\n", msg);

sprintf(msg , "cat");

write(pipefd[1], msg, BUFSIZE);

printf("Written %s\n", msg);

sprintf(msg , "dog");

write(pipefd[1], msg, BUFSIZE);

printf("Written %s\n", msg);

//read

read(pipefd[0], buf, BUFSIZE);

printf("Read: %s\n", buf);

read(pipefd[0], buf, BUFSIZE);

printf("Read: %s\n", buf);

read(pipefd[0], buf, BUFSIZE);

printf("Read: %s\n", buf);

read(pipefd[0], buf, BUFSIZE);

printf("Read: %s\n", buf);

close(pipefd[0]);

close(pipefd[1]);

return 0;

}

(b)

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<fcntl.h>

#include<unistd.h>

#include<wait.h>

#define BUFSIZE 16

int main(){

//pipe descriptors

char msg[BUFSIZE];

char buf[BUFSIZE];

int pipefd[2];

if(pipe(pipefd) == -1){

//pipe creation error

perror("pipe");

exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

}

//pipe creation successfull

//write four messages

if(fork() == 0){

//this is child

//close unused write end

close(pipefd[1]);

read(pipefd[0], buf, BUFSIZE);

printf("This is child process reading first message. Content is %s\n", buf);

read(pipefd[0], buf, BUFSIZE);

printf("This is child process reading second message. Content is %s\n", buf);

read(pipefd[0], buf, BUFSIZE);

printf("This is child process reading third message. Content is %s\n", buf);

read(pipefd[0], buf, BUFSIZE);

printf("This is child process reading fourth message. Content is %s\n", buf);

close(pipefd[0]);

//exit from child

exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);

}

//this is parent process

//close unused read end

close(pipefd[0]);

sprintf(msg , "apple");

printf("This is parent process. Writing first message into pipe\n");

write(pipefd[1], msg, BUFSIZE);

sprintf(msg , "boy");

printf("This is parent process. Writing second message into pipe\n");

write(pipefd[1], msg, BUFSIZE);

sprintf(msg , "cat");

printf("This is parent process. Writing third message into pipe\n");

write(pipefd[1], msg, BUFSIZE);

sprintf(msg , "dog");

printf("This is parent process. Writing fourth message into pipe\n");

write(pipefd[1], msg, BUFSIZE);

close(pipefd[1]);

//wait for child

wait(NULL);

return 0;

}

(c)

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<fcntl.h>

#include<unistd.h>

#include<sys/wait.h>

#include<sys/types.h>

#include<signal.h>

typedef struct sigaction Sigaction;

unsigned long long size = 0;

void alarmhandler(int sig){

//alarm fired writing blocked

printf("Write blocked after %llu characters\n", size);

exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);

}

int main(){

//pipe descriptors

int pipefd[2];

if(pipe(pipefd) == -1){

//pipe creation error

perror("pipe");

exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

}

//install handler

sigset_t mask , prev;

sigemptyset(&mask);

sigaddset(&mask , SIGALRM);

sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK , &mask , &prev);

Sigaction new_action;

sigemptyset(&new_action.sa_mask);

new_action.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;

new_action.sa_handler = alarmhandler;

sigaction(SIGALRM , &new_action , NULL);

sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK , &prev, NULL);

while(1){

//print size on multiple of 4

if(size != 0 && size % 1024 == 0){

printf("%llu characters in pipe\n", size);

}

//reset previous alarm

alarm(0);

//set new alarm for 5 seconds

alarm(5);

//write to pipe one character

write(pipefd[1], "A", sizeof(char));

size++;

}

return 0;

}

Explanation:

Output for a, b, c are pasted accordingly

4 0

3 years ago

Which actions help to protect a computer and keep it running properly? Check all that apply.

geniusboy [140]

Answer:

backing up files and other data

8 0

3 years ago