In Western Europe, the effects of the Crusades included all of the following except "<span>A. encouragement for learning and a broader view of the world", since the point of the Crusades was take back what the Christians viewed as their Holy Land. </span>
The Sumerians were known as problem solvers and inventors because they wanted peace in the world, and invented a great variety of things.
B. They were hunters and gatherers?
<span>Common elements involve change, advance, or conflict.</span>