The Mona Lisa is one of the most famous artworks in the history of art. Leonardo da Vinci was the one who painted it. Some say it was a painting of Lisa Gherardini (just learned this in my Western Civ Class). The exact date in which Da Vinci started painting this picture is unknown however it is believed that he started painting the Mona Lisa around 1503 and completed around 1517. Hopefully this helps.
Plumbing was more of a luxury/comfort for people that also made their life easier. Baths were common and were usually taken while standing up in public baths. Bathing was also used for ceremonial purposes in religious services and rituals. Toilets were only limited to those who could afford them, so the upper class. Lower classes used urns or sump pots. Upper class toilets were stacked bricks with a hole that would drain out. Plumbing on the 2nd floor though was led by pipes to the streets. Limestone was used to prevent leakage.
The three groups who used the site for religious purposes were:
- the Gauls
- the Romans
- the Christians
Before the Notre Dame Cathedral was built at the order of the Bishop of Paris, Maurice de Sully, there were other structures on the site belonging to other groups of people which were:
- Gauls - Gauls used to live in France during Roman times and they built a temple to Jupitar after they were conquered by the Romans.
- Romans - Romans worshipped Jupitar and so would come to the temple built by the Gauls to worship. As many Gauls received Roman citizenship, they were called Romans as well.
- Christians - before the Notre Dame was built, there was a church on the site called, the Cathedral of Saint Étienne. It was smaller than the Notre Dame Cathedral but used by Christians to worship.
In conclusion, the Notre Dame Cathedral is a huge symbol in France and represents a wonderful feat of architecture. It was however built on land that had other purposes before it.
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<span>Westward expansion led to loss of life and territory for Native Americans and added to the growing conflict between "free" and "slave" states before the Civil War.</span>
