The correct answer in - B. Conflict often resulted in a higher number of slaves for trade.
Whenever there was a conflict within Africa, it meant that there are going to be more slaves on the market. This was due to the tradition of the African tribes to capture enemies and keep them as slaves, and also the already developed network of selling slaves to the Europeans. After every conflict, the winning side had lots of slaves, and Europeans rushed to get their hands on the best ones, so the African tribes that were selling them were making a nice profit, while the Europeans were getting excellent labor force.
Answer:The Peloponnesian War ended in victory for Sparta and its allies, but signaled the demise of Athenian naval and political hegemony throughout the Mediterranean. Democracy in Athens was briefly overthrown in 411 BCE as a result of its poor handling of the Peloponnesian War.
1. It was not possible for the Continental forces of the 13 colonies to have won the American Revolution against Britain without the military training and experience, funds, supplies, and troops provided by France, Spain, and Holland.
- Though the British forces were divided between facing the Americans and losing their sugar plantations in the West Indies, yet the troops from the 13 colonists would not have been enough to prosecute the war of Independence without foreign aid.
- The foreign supports from these three main European countries gingered the General Washington's armed forces. The European countries greatly gave moral boost to the fighting men.
2. The Great Compromise during the Constitutional Convention in 1787 enabled the representatives of the states to agree on a common formula for providing representation of the states at the federal government level.
- The Great Compromise, which is also known as the Connecticut Compromise, allowed each state to produce 2 senate representatives (equal representation) while agreeing that representation in the House of Representatives should be based on population.
- This compromise was reached when states with smaller population proposed equal representation of states at both houses. Then, following intense negotiations, an acceptable compromise was reached on how states should be represented in Congress.
3. The main arguments of the Federalists at the Constitutional Convention was that a strong central government was necessary to unite the states as a nation. They believed that the excesses of a strong central government will be counterbalanced by the doctrine of separation of powers, which created three arms of government.
- The Federalists also reasoned that the checks and balances in the Constitution will protect the rights of citizens. This line of reasoning was not readily accepted by the Anti-Federalists.
- The Anti-Federalists argued that a strong central government will not protect the rights of citizens. Therefore, they demanded that the Constitution should be balanced with the Bill of Rights.
Thus, both Federalists and Anti-Federalists were concerned with ensuring a workable government at the center.
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Answer:
Between 1200 and 1450 CE, trans-Saharan trade networks significantly supported the development of large states in West Africa. Opportunities for the taxation of trade and the control of trade goods generated wealth and resources to support the development of sophisticated government. Also, these networks encouraged the development of thriving urban centers, which increased the power and renown of states in the region.
As trans-Saharan trade developed, empires in the region repeatedly taxed and controlled trade. For example, the historical record shows that the mansas of Mali directly controlled the trade of specific goods such as metals and horses, two goods that were crucial in establishing strong military forces. Mali’s mansas also taxed the trade of key goods such as salt and copper. Similarly, other empires in the region levied heavy taxes on merchants and used the funds to support the state. The control over the trade of gold by Ghana’s rulers enabled the funds to establish and sustain a large administrative bureaucracy.
The effects of the development of trans-Saharan trade networks on West African states can be better understood by considering the earlier development of cities and states in the region. Due to the difficulty of raising livestock and growing crops in the hot Sahara, the economy of West Africa lagged behind that of North Africa until the growth of trade. Likewise, while a sophisticated civilization developed in the Niger Valley after 300 BCE, growing trade cities at the time were not joined into a larger empire. The ongoing development of trans-Saharan trade, however, provided the resources for economic and political change in the region.
Explanation:
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