According to the cladogram, arthropods are MOST closely related to which group of organisms? mollusks. annelids. echinoderms.
<span>Infection is the term used to describe the process through microorganisms that cause diseases. The invasion of a host by a pathogenic microorganism multiplies in the tissues and the reaction of the host to its presence and to its possible toxins and can be caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa or prions.</span>
<span>The surface temperature of white dwarf stars is higher than that of red super giants. White dwarf stars are extremely hot when they form, and they start cooling off as time goes by. Red supergiants, on the other hand, are enormous dying stars, and they are quite cool. So, having this in mind, white dwarves are hotter than red supergiants. Hope I helped! :) Cheers!</span>
The ribs articulate with the (a) thoracic vertebrae.
There exists 12 pairs of ribs. Each rib is a thin flat bone attached dorsally to the vertebral column as well as ventrally to the sternum.
First seven pairs of ribs are known as 'true ribs'. They articulate with the thoracic vertebrae dorsally and are ventrally attached to the sternum by means of of hyaline cartilage.
The 8th, 9th as well as 10th pairs of ribs do not articulate directly with the sternum but unite with the 7th rib with the support of hyaline cartilage. These are called 'false ribs'.
Remaining two pairs i.e. the 11th and 12th pairs of ribs are not attached ventrally and are thus, termed as 'floating ribs'.
To learn more about thoracic vertebrae here
brainly.com/question/5130476
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