Answer:
Cost of one pencil: 
Cost of one eraser: 
Step-by-step explanation:
Let be "p" the cost in dollars of one pencil and "e" the cost in dollars of one eraser.
Based on the information given in the exercise, you can set up the following system of equations:

You can use the Elimination Method to solve the system of equations.
Multiply the first equation by -3 ad the second one by 4. Then add the equations and solve for "e":
{
Substitute the value of "e" into any original equation and solve for "p":

Step-by-step explanation:
(a)
ii.
21 - 5 = 16 play only chess.
iii.
23 - 5 = 18 play only cards
5 play both.
that is 16+18+5 = 39 that play at least one of these games.
i.
so, 45 - 39 = 6 don't play any of these games.
(b)
we have 16+18 = 34 pupils out of 45 that play exactly one game.
so the probabilty to pick one of them is as usual
desired cases / total cases = 34/45 =
= 0.755555555... ≈ 0.76