Non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS), rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS), and W are regulated by several Neurotransmitter systems and a number of diffusible or circulating factors.
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that your body can't function without. Their job is to carry chemical signals (“messages”) from one neuron (nerve cell) to the next target cell. The next target cell can be another nerve cell, a muscle cell or a gland.
The DA-containing cells of the VTA and SNc mission to the basal ganglia and the prefrontal cortex, even as these correspond to the PAG mission predominantly to the BFB and midline thalamus. moreover, OX-containing neurons bring projections to the entire forebrain and brainstem arousal structures. three as pointed out by using España and Scammell, four isolated activations of every of the arousal systems already provoke W. but, below regular situations, all of them participate in the occurrence of behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) arousal. This depends, in element, on the interconnections of maximum W-promoting structures. similarly, the systems that promote W inhibit neural structures located inside the brainstem and hypothalamus that promote and/or induce NREMS and REMS.
Learn more about Neurotransmitters here:- brainly.com/question/26387085
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Probably the Revolutionary War, this was mainly caused because the colonists were REALLY tired of the British taxing them and treating them really badly without representing them back in England.
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The answer is below
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Labeling theory of crime and deviance is a form of social theory that concluded that people behave defiantly according to the label at which they were given.
For example, if someone is called a by a popular thug name, such a person would start behaving like that particular thug.
There are criticisms of the labeling theory of crime and deviance, some of which are:
1. It does not clarify the main deviance or the reason people take offense in the first place which arises before they have been labeled
2. It suggests that deviants have no knowledge of their offense until they are labeled, but most know they are disobeying institutional standards
3. It does not clarify the source of labels. For example common practices and traditions system or capitalism principles.
In an experiment, an independent variable is the one that is controlled in order to measure the effects of the dependent variable. The dependent variable is the one that is being tested or measured.
In this example, the dependent variables would be the flashcards or the underlining, as those are the variables that are going to be measured. <em>The independent variable is the quality of the study.</em>
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Long-distance trade played a major role in the cultural, religious, and artistic exchanges that took place between the major centers of civilization in Europe and Asia during antiquity. Some of these trade routes had been in use for centuries, but by the beginning of the first century A.D., merchants, diplomats, and travelers could (in theory) cross the ancient world from Britain and Spain in the west to China and Japan in the east. The trade routes served principally to transfer raw materials, foodstuffs, and luxury goods from areas with surpluses to others where they were in short supply. Some areas had a monopoly on certain materials or goods. China, for example, supplied West Asia and the Mediterranean world with silk, while spices were obtained principally from South Asia. These goods were transported over vast distances— either by pack animals overland
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