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Answer:
A liquid, at any temperature, is in equilibrium with its own steam. This means that on the surface of the liquid or solid substance, there are gaseous molecules of this substance. These molecules exert a pressure on the liquid phase, a pressure known as vapor pressure.
In chemistry, when we talk about dry basis, we talk about a state in which the presence of water in a gaseous state is denied for the calculation. So vapor pressure equals zero.
When we talk about the wet basis, the presence of water in the steam is considered for the calculation, which normally is expressed as a percentage or moisture.
In summary, for a gas mixture steam:
- For dry basis, we just have <em>component A, component B....</em>
- For wet basis, we have <em>water vapor, component A, component B...</em>
So, in wet basis we have an extra component (water).
Assuming we only have 2 components in our steam, and being X the molar fraction of eact component:
- For dry basis: Xa + Xb = 1................................. Xa = 1 - Xb
- For wet basis: Xa + Xb + Xwater = 1 .............Xa = 1 - Xwater - Xb
For dry basis the mole fraction of A it is obtained by subtracting the molar fraction of B from one. And for wet basis, we have to substract the molar fraction of B <u>AND </u>the molar fraction of water vapor. So, logically, the mole fraction Xa will be less for wet basis.
As the atmospheric pressure is, P = dgh
Here d is the density of the mercury,
g is gravitation = 9.8 m/s²
h is height of the column, P = 751 torr = (751 torr × 1 atm / 760 torr) (101325 Pa) (1 N/m² / 1 Pa) = 100125 N/m²
Where, 1 N = 1 Kg / ms²
Thus, P = 100125 Kg / m³. s²
Therefore, height of the mercury column, when the atmospheric pressure is 751 torr,
h = P / gd
= (100125 kg / m³. s²) / (9.8 m/s²) (13.6 × 10³ kg / m³) = 0.751 m
As, d₁h₁ = d₂h₂
Here, d₁ is the density of the non-volatile liquid = 1.20 g/ml
d₂ is the density of the mercury = 13.6 g/ml
h₂ = 0.751 m
Thus, putting the values we get,
h₁ = d₂h₂ /d₁ = 13.6 g/ml × 0.751 m / 1.20 g/ml
= 8.5 m