Sympathetic-adreno-medullar (SAM) axis, secretes noradrenaline and norepinephrine and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, secretes glucocorticoids during stress.
SAM (Sympathetic-adreno-medullar) axis activation occurs in just a seconds as a result of a stressor and generate a adaptive respond towards stressor. The HPA axis is a slower response system involving release of corticosteroids .
Corticosteroids are corticotropin releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol, Which suppress the immune system . Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) plays a major role in the stress response by regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
To learn more about Corticosteroids , here
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The group of ecosystems on earth that feature climate, vegetation, and wildlife similar to everglades is a biome
Answer:
The correct answer is: β1 adrenergic receptor activation. Increased in cAMP lead to increased amounts of Na influx (though if channels) and calcium influx of pacemaker cells. This increases the frequency of APs of the pacemaker and increases the rate of contraction.
Explanation:
cAMP generated in response to β1 adrenergic receptors,results in excitation contraction coupling by initiating PKA and causing phosphorylation of L type Ca2+ channels and ryanodine receptors. This increases the concentration of intracellular Ca2+ ions in atrial cells, ventricular cells and AV pacemaker cells. This increase in firing rate. As a result rate of contraction increases.
Identify each statement as a hypothesis, theory, or law. Higher air pressure causes fuel to burn at a faster rate. Answer: theory
