If it takes John 15 minutes to run 2 miles, how long will it take to run a 6 mile race at this same pace?
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In cases like these, you simply have to multiply the choices you have for each step.
In fact, you can choose between 4 different crusts. For each of these crusts you can choose 4 different sauces. This means that there are choices at this point. In fact, if we call the crust options 1,2,3,4 and the sauce options A,B,C,D, the 16 possible combinations are
From here, you keep going multiplying the number of options for each step, for a total of