The answer is d, The gap between rich and poor became greater
In the early years of the Middle Ages, most people in Europe lived in small farming villages. Everyone knew his neighbors, and there was little need for last names. But as the population expanded and the towns grew, a need arose to find ways to differentiate between two people who shared the same first name.
They both allowed different cultures and people into their own civilization. The difference between them was that one would make the other people pay tribute to them and the other would integrate them into their own civilization and force them to follow Inca laws and learn the Inca language.
Lincoln Park, Chicago, USA.
The commonality between the Indus, Huang and Nile Valley civilizations is the fact that all began in fertile river valleys.