Answer:
0.4332 = 43.32% probability that the sample mean is between 21 and 22.
Step-by-step explanation:
To solve this question, we need to understand the normal probability distribution and the central limit theorem.
Normal Probability Distribution:
Problems of normal distributions can be solved using the z-score formula.
In a set with mean
and standard deviation
, the z-score of a measure X is given by:
![Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Z%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7BX%20-%20%5Cmu%7D%7B%5Csigma%7D)
The Z-score measures how many standard deviations the measure is from the mean. After finding the Z-score, we look at the z-score table and find the p-value associated with this z-score. This p-value is the probability that the value of the measure is smaller than X, that is, the percentile of X. Subtracting 1 by the p-value, we get the probability that the value of the measure is greater than X.
Central Limit Theorem
The Central Limit Theorem establishes that, for a normally distributed random variable X, with mean
and standard deviation
, the sampling distribution of the sample means with size n can be approximated to a normal distribution with mean
and standard deviation
.
For a skewed variable, the Central Limit Theorem can also be applied, as long as n is at least 30.
According to a report from a business intelligence company, smartphone owners are using an average of 22 apps per month.
This means that ![\mu = 22](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cmu%20%3D%2022)
Standard deviation is 4:
This means that ![\sigma = 4](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Csigma%20%3D%204)
Sample of 36:
This means that ![n = 36, s = \frac{4}{sqrt{36}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=n%20%3D%2036%2C%20s%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7Bsqrt%7B36%7D%7D)
What is the probability that the sample mean is between 21 and 22?
This is the p-value of Z when X = 22 subtracted by the p-value of Z when X = 21.
X = 22
![Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Z%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7BX%20-%20%5Cmu%7D%7B%5Csigma%7D)
By the Central Limit Theorem
![Z = \frac{X - \mu}{s}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Z%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7BX%20-%20%5Cmu%7D%7Bs%7D)
![Z = \frac{22 - 22}{\frac{4}{sqrt{36}}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Z%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B22%20-%2022%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7Bsqrt%7B36%7D%7D%7D)
![Z = 0](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Z%20%3D%200)
has a p-value of 0.5.
X = 21
![Z = \frac{X - \mu}{s}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Z%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7BX%20-%20%5Cmu%7D%7Bs%7D)
![Z = \frac{21 - 22}{\frac{4}{sqrt{36}}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Z%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B21%20-%2022%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7Bsqrt%7B36%7D%7D%7D)
![Z = -1.5](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Z%20%3D%20-1.5)
has a p-value of 0.0668.
0.5 - 0.0668 = 0.4332
0.4332 = 43.32% probability that the sample mean is between 21 and 22.