Four factors that reduce a population is the food decrease, death, diseases, and mass murder
The best statement to describe black participation in politics during Reconstruction is; Blacks participated in politics in very high numbers, with most states electing multiple African Americans to high ranking office within reconstructed governments.
Australia was partially settled by convicts: there were a lot of penal colonies in Australia, and Britain was famously sending its criminals there. This was not the case for other British colonies.
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