It is 3 p.m. in the Central Time Zone; therefore, 2 p.m. in the Mountain Time Zone. The Mountain Time Zone is exactly 1 hour behind the Central Time Zone. It is 6 p.m. in the Pacific Time Zone; therefore, it is 4 p.m in Hawaii. Hawaii is either 2 or 3 hours behind the Pacific Time Zone depending on the time of year.
Answer:
1. 
2. x = 16
3. Part 1: P is the independent variable and S is the dependent variable.
Part 2: x is the independent variable and y is the dependent variable.
Step-by-step explanation:
1. To write the function notation for:
Sales tax is 7% of the total price.
Let the total price be
.
And sales tax be
.
As per the given statement:

Writing it in the function notation:

2. To find the value of x such that
and

Putting the value of 

3. To find the dependent and independent variable.
Independent variables are those whose value is not dependent on the other variable's values.
Dependent variables are dependent on the value of other variables.
In question 1:

P is the independent variable.
S is the dependent variable.
In question 2:
If we write it as follows:

x is the independent variable and y is the dependent variable.
The correct answer would be 36
So M=36