An organelle found in large numbers in most cells
Advancements made in trans-genetic or transgenic animals.
Explanation:
Transgenic animal involves incorporation of exogenous genes into the genome of an animal by genetic engineering. These genes will be inherited and expressed as the desired phenotype in the offspring produced.
A successful transgenic engineering is based on the successful transport of the DNA (to be transferred) first through the plasma membrane of the recipient’s cell and then once inside the cell, it has to pass through the nuclear membrane to reach the chromosomes present in it.
To overcome this factor, a number of latest technologies have been advanced in engineering transgenic animals like:
- Microinjection
- Chemically mediation
- Somatic cell transfer
- Restriction enzyme mediation
- Retrovirus mediated gene transfer
- Sperm mediated gene transfer
- Embryonic stem cell mediated gene transfer
Advanced transgenic technology is exclusively useful in drug and disease prevention research.
In animal husbandry, these advancements are used to produce livestock with enhanced nutrition, milk production, growth rate, carcass production, disease resistance, health, reproductive performance or fertility, fecundity, hair and fiber as well as reduce environmental hazards.
