The amount of the solute is constant during dilution. So the mole number of HCl is 2*1.5=3 mole. The volume of HCl stock is 3/12=0.25 L. So using 0.25 L stock solution and dilute to 2.0 L.
Answer:
a. True
b. False
c. True
d. False
e. False
Explanation:
A. (true) The equilibrium constant K is defined as
In any case
aA +Bb ⇌ Cd +dD
where K is:
![K= \frac{[C]^{c}[D]^{d}}{[A]^{a}[B]^{b}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B%5BC%5D%5E%7Bc%7D%5BD%5D%5E%7Bd%7D%7D%7B%5BA%5D%5E%7Ba%7D%5BB%5D%5E%7Bb%7D%7D)
A large value on K means that the concentration of products is bigger than the concentrations of reagents, so the forward reaction is favored, and the equilibrium lies to the right.
B. (False) When we work with gases, we use partial pressure to make calculations in the equilibrium, so we estimate Kp as:
Using the ideal gas law, we can get a relationship between K and Kp
Pv=nRT where 
we know that 
is the molar concentration. When we replace P in the expression for Kp we get:
![Kp= \frac{[C]^{c}*(RT)^{c}[D]^{d}*(RT)^{d}}{[A]^{a}*(RT)^{a}[B]^{b}*(RT)^{b}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Kp%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B%5BC%5D%5E%7Bc%7D%2A%28RT%29%5E%7Bc%7D%5BD%5D%5E%7Bd%7D%2A%28RT%29%5E%7Bd%7D%7D%7B%5BA%5D%5E%7Ba%7D%2A%28RT%29%5E%7Ba%7D%5BB%5D%5E%7Bb%7D%2A%28RT%29%5E%7Bb%7D%7D)
Reorganizing the equation:
![Kp= \frac{[C]^{c}[D]^{d}}{[A]^{a}[B]^{b}}*\frac{(RT)^{c+d}}{(RT)^{a+b}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Kp%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B%5BC%5D%5E%7Bc%7D%5BD%5D%5E%7Bd%7D%7D%7B%5BA%5D%5E%7Ba%7D%5BB%5D%5E%7Bb%7D%7D%2A%5Cfrac%7B%28RT%29%5E%7Bc%2Bd%7D%7D%7B%28RT%29%5E%7Ba%2Bb%7D%7D)
We can see K in the expression
Delta n = c+d-a-b
For the reaction
Delta n = 2-1-1=0
So Kp=K in this case.
C. (true) The value of K just depends on the temperature that’s why changing the among of products won’t have any effect on its value.
D. (false) as we can see this reaction involve a heterogeneous system with solids and gases. For convention the concentration for solids and liquids can be considered constant during the reaction that’s why they’re not include in the calculation for the equilibrium constant. Taking this into account the expression for the equilibrium for this reaction is:
![K= [CO_{2}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K%3D%20%5BCO_%7B2%7D%5D)
So we can see that ![[CaCO_{3}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BCaCO_%7B3%7D%5D)
is not include in the expression.
E. (False) The equilibrium is defined as the point where the rate of the forward reaction is the same to the rate of the reverse reaction. The value of K is telling you which reaction is favored but the rate of both reactions is the same in this point. (see picture)
Answer:
a. 1875 nm
b. 4051 nm
c. 1282 nm
These all are infrared electromagnetic radiation.
Explanation:
Our strategy here is to utilize the Rydberg equation for hydrogen atom electronic transition.
1/λ = Rh x (1/n₁² - 1/n₂²) where λ is the wavelength
Rh is Rydberg constant
n₁ and n ₂ are the energy levels ( n₁ < n₂ )
Now lets star the calculations.
a. n₁ = 3, n₂ = 4
1/λ = 1.097 x 10⁷ /m x (1/3² - 1/4²) = 5.333 x 10⁵/m
λ = 1/(5.333 x 10⁵ /m) = 1.875 x 10⁻⁶ m
Converting λ to nanometers:
1.875 x 10⁻⁶ m x (1 x10⁹ nm/m) = 1875 nm
b. n₁ = 4, n₂ = 5
1/λ = 1.097 x 10⁷ /m x (1/4² - 1/5²) = 2.468 x 10⁵/m
λ = 1/(2.468 x 10⁵/m) = 4.051 x 10⁻⁶ m
4.051 x 10⁻⁶ m x (1 x10⁹ nm/m) = 4051 nm
c. n₁ = 3, n₂ = 5
1/λ = 1.097 x 10⁷ /m x (1/3² - 1/5²) = 7801 x 10⁵/m
λ = 1/(7801 x 10⁵/m) = 1282 x 10⁻⁶ m
1282 x 10⁻⁶ m x (1 x10⁹ nm/m) = 1282 nm
All of these transitions fall in the infrared region of the spectrum.
Answer:
CH3CH2CH2CH3 + Cl2 --------> CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl + HCl
Explanation:
Alkanes react with halogens in the presence of light to yield alkyl halides. The degree of substitution increases as the reaction progresses. The reaction occurs by free radical mechanism.
The reaction between butane and chlorine molecule to yields a monosubstitution product occurs as follows;
CH3CH2CH2CH3 + Cl2 --------> CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl + HCl
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