D
Less <span>competition with the parent plants. by being dispersed further, they will face competition but not with their parent plants.</span>
Answer/Explanation:
(1) a mutation in the coding region, resulting in an inactive protein
To check to see if there is a mutation, you could extract the DNA from the cancer cells and then perform PCR to amplify the gene of interest. You could then perform sanger sequencing and compare the sequence to the normal gene to see if a mutation is present. To test the effect of the mutation, you would want to see if an active protein has been formed.
To see if a normal sized protein has been formed, you could perform a western blot, comparing the protein band to the WT protein band. If the protein is absent or much smaller, it is likely not a functional protein.
(2) epigenetic silencing at the promoter of the gene, resulting in reduced transcription.
To check for changes in the epigenetic landscape of the promoter, you could perform chromatin immunoprecipitation by extracting the chromatin from the tumour cells and using antibodies for different chromatin marks to see what has changed between the normal cells and the tumor cells. E.g. H3K9me3, H3K27me3. You would perform a pull down with the antibody of interest and then PCR for your promoter to specifically look at changes at that gene compared to normal cells. To test DNA methylation, you could perform bisulfite sequencing.
To see how transcription is affected, you could extract RNA from the tumor and normal cells, and compare the levels of RNA between the two samples by qRT-PCR
Step 1: Copy of one side of DNA strand is made (called mRNA, messenger RNA)
step 2: mRNA moves to cytoplasm, then ribosome
step 3: mRNA goes through ribosome 3 bases at a time
step 4: transfer RNA (tRNA) matches up with the open DNA bases
step 5: tRNA releases the amino acid at the top, which joins the chain of amino acids being produced
The answer is ATP molecules being produced, this happens in light and dark.
All of the other options are either directly related to light/photosynthesis or are needed to complete it.
Answer:
Cells do not repair damage to DNA during mitosis because telomeres could fuse together. ... Throughout a cell's life, corrective mechanisms act to repair DNA strand breaks. The exception is during the critical moment of cell division, when chromosomes are most vulnerable.
Explanation: