Answer:
d. ICMP Echo Reply (type 0)
Explanation:
ICMP or internet control message protocol is an Internet layer protocol in the TCP/IP suite. It works together with routing devices like the router to send messages based on results sensed in the network.
The RFC 1122 has stated that the ICMP server and end user application be configured or installed in user devices, for receiving and sending ICMP echo request packets and reply. The process is called pinging.
For an attacker to implement ping of ping, he needs to confirm if the target user in live by sending an ICMP echo request packet type 8, to receive an ICMP echo reply type0.
No, it is not necessary that variables that contain numbers should always be declared as integer or floating-point data types.
It is not necessary that variables that contain numbers should be declared as integer and floating point data types. Because number can be declared with different data types. As we know that data type is a vital aspect in programming. It describes the type of a value that is contained in a variable. It is the data type based on which memory is allocated to a number or any type of variables.
Numbers can be whole decimal/fractional, signed, unsigned, small, and long. Simply, they exist in a variety of values. According to their values range, the amount of memory is reserved.
Different programming languages offer different data types to store numbers, depending on their types and size. Let’s consider some examples of data types used in programming languages in order to declare variables holding numbers.
- In Python int, float, and complex are the data types used to declare number type variables.
- SQL uses INTEGER, SMALLINT , BIGINT , NUMERIC() , and DECIMAL() data types for numbers.
- To deal with number type variables, Java has six predefined data types, such as int, long, short, byte, float, and double.
- JavaScript uses a single data type called 'number' to declare numbers.
- In C++, two fundamental data types, int and float, are used to represent numeric variables. But C++ is not only limited to these two data types. The data type char can also store numbers. Other data types for declaring numbers as variables are derived from int, float and char, such as short int, long int, signed int, unsigned int, double, long double, signed char, unsigned char etc. etc.
So in concluding remarks, declaring a number type variable is not only limited to using integers and floating-points data types. Rather it entirely depends on the respective programming language, and size and type of the number to be stored in the variable.
You can learn more about data types at
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The most common was is your phone
