Answer: A. The genes encode resistance to antibiotics.
D. The genes are carried on plasmids
F. The "clock"genes are highly mobile between species.
Explanation:
Molecular clock is a tool that is used to calculate the time of the evolutionary events. These are the gene sequences that are used to determine the evolutionary distance between the new and primitive organisms developed on earth. It also measures the random changes just like mutation. Thus the molecular clock is also called as the gene clock or evolutionary clock.
The accuracy of the molecular clock can be increased by the genes that encode for a resistance against the antibiotics, the genes that are carried on the plasmids and the clock genes which are highly mobile among the species.
Flagella and cilia have the exact same structures and functions, and the names merely indicate how many are present on a given cell. When found singly or in a pair, these cell protrusions are called flagella<span>.</span>
Answer:
(a). soft substrates
Explanation:
Mobile organisms can be measured by both direct and indirect methods. Direct methods may involve observing the actual behavior (e.g., scoring via timing). Moreover, indirect methods are those where the technique used depends on the species being examined, collecting information such as through recording of tracks in the soft substrate (e.g., mud, sand, snow), presence of fur/feathers, droppings (mammals), etc. For example, indirect observation of insects may involve the determination of exoskeletons, sounds, etc.
Answer:
E, A, B, D, C
Explanation:
Leukocytes are cells that are found in the blood stream and they help identify foreign materials and fight against them, they are also called white blood cells.
The process that is given in the question looks like this when the steps are put in the right order;
E, cytokines are secreted where needed and they signal certain cells according to the action that needs to be taken.
A, endothelial cells which are located on the surface of the blood vessels produce selectins.
B, selectins which are proteins that are made up of single chain and help with the cell adhesion with other molecules, carbohydrates in the example.
D, leukocytes roll along the walls of the blood vessel.
C, and lastly leukocytes crawl out of the vessel into the adjacent tissue.
I hope this answer helps.
