PAMPs and DAMPs bind to pattern-recognition receptors or PRRs associated with body cells to induce innate immunity.
It is in the bacteria domain. ☺
With the presence of glucose, glycolysis will still occur as it is not an oxygen dependent process. Glycolysis will continue to form pyruvate but the pyruvate will not be able to undergo oxidative phosphorylation in the absence of oxygen. Pyruvate will thus be used in alcoholic fermentation or lactic acid fermentation. ( Option A)
Allele frequency is determined by looking at the dominant and recessive allele of a genotype.
Using the given, we can come up with the following computation for the allele frequency:
allele A = 100/300 allele B = 50/300 allele O = 150/300
Hence, the frequency of allele A is 0.33 or 33%, allele B is .17 or 17% and allele O is 0.50 or 50%.