Firstly, the enzyme, DNA Helicase breaks the Hydrogen bonds between a specific region of the DNA molecule and unwinds the duplex DNA molecule at the targeted gene sequence site.
Then, RNA Polymerase binds at the 3` site of the gene sequence of the sense/coding strand(only one strand) that acts as the template for mRNA synthesis. RNA Polymerase then matches free nucleotides by complementary base-pairing(A-U & C=G), working in the 5`to3` direction. Hydrogen bonds then form between the complementary bases, holding the nucleotides in place. Each free adjacent nucleotide is joined at 3` ends by Condensation reactions with the other to form Phosphodiester bonds.
Once the mRNA molecule is formed, it is separated from the synthesis complex and leaves the nucleus through pores in the nuclear envelope to moves towards ribosomes for Translation.
Lastly, the DNA double helix rewinds by forming Hydrogen Bonds.
Answer:
Citrate Synthase facilitates the formation of citrate by deprotonating Acetyl CoA and by protonating the carbonyl oxygen of oxaloacetate
Explanation:
Citrate synthase is a key enzyme in the citric acid cycle that functions to catalyze the formation of citrate from oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA: acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate + H2O >> citrate + CoA-SH (Coenzyme A ). This enzyme contains three amino acids at its active site that work together to catalyze the conversion of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate into citrate. This active site acts by abstracting (deprotonating) a proton from the alpha carbon of Acetyl CoA which serves as the nucleophile. Subsequently, the active site of the enzyme also protonates the carbonyl oxygen of oxaloacetate, which then suffers nucleophilic attack and thereby facilitating nucleophilic substitution reaction.
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The corresponding mRNA sequence would be: GCUAAU GUC
