In immunology two types of immune response are described depending on whether there is prior contact with the antigen.
• At this first contact, only lymphocytes with receptors specific to the antigen in question are stimulated and lead to the production of antibodies capable of neutralizing it. The lymphocytes capable of recognizing a specific antigen are very few and the production of antibodies - of low intensity and limited duration - is detectable only after a period of latency of several days. This is called the primary response. The specificity of the resulting seropositivity, however, makes it possible to detect contamination (seroconversion).
• Upon re-contact with an antigen that has already triggered a primary response, specific antibody production is found to increase rapidly after a short latency period. The secretion of IgG then reaches levels much higher than those observed during the primary response, while that of IgM is of the same order. This early and intense response, called secondary response, most often results in the destruction of infectious agents before any clinical sign.
• Many centuries before the discovery of microbes, it was noted that people who developed a contagious disease without death were then specifically immunized against the disease, without being protected against others.
• The ability to react appropriately to an already received stimulus supposes the existence of a memory. The immune memory is based on the existence of memory B and T lymphocytes, resulting from the clonal expansion due to the first contact with the antigen. Their lifespan is significantly higher than that of other lymphocytes and their high reactivity gives its rapid and intense character to the secondary response.
Answer:
Varicella-zoster virus
Explanation:
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a virus with double-stranded DNA as its genome. It is a member of the family Herpesviridae. The virus causes chickenpox in children. It is mostly present in the latent form after the disease subsides and the same virus can cause shingles in adults under specific conditions. Therefore, shingles is also called a reactivated form of chickenpox caused by the latent varicella-zoster virus. The virus has an incubation period of 10 to 23 days and causes the formation of pus-filled small vesicles on the face or upper trunk.
Answer: No, all the bugs did not die.
Explanation: Some bugs will survive and adapt to the sprayed stuff.
Answer:
Explanation:
English King Henry VIII, who married six times, suffered from a rare blood disorder which was responsible for the miscarriages of wives and also made him “unstable” , a new research has claimed.Most British school children learn the following rhyme to help them remember the fate of each wife: “Divorced, Beheaded, Died: Divorced, Beheaded, Survived”.
it is not stamen idk the answer but i got stamen wrong
