Answer:
Less energy is available to the upper trophic levels.
This question is unfortunately incomplete. The burning of coal containing sulfur can lead to the release of sulfur oxide compounds to the atmosphere. These compounds <span>combine with atmospheric water to form sulphuric acid. Sulphuric acid lowers the pH of atmospheric water vapour, and during rainfall events, precipitated rainfall will be of a low pH (acid rain).</span>
Cytotoxic T cells are rapid killers of infected target cells. Within minutes of the interaction of a cytotoxic T cell with a target cell, the program of apoptosis in the target cell is initiated. This rapid activity is a consequence of The extremely rapid production of granzymes and perforin by cytotoxic effector cells upon encountering a target cell.
- A type of T cell known as a cytotoxic T cell (CD8+ T cell) is in charge of removing things that the immune system recognizes as dangerous.
- Cytotoxic T cells are essential for controlling bacterial growth and illnesses in the body.
- By instructing their targets to undergo apoptosis, cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill their prey.
- Cytotoxic T cells can instruct antigen-specific target cells to die within 5 minutes of coming into contact with them when they are mixed with target cells and quickly brought into contact by centrifugation.
- The speed with which cytotoxic T cells can induce apoptosis in their targets is due to the release of prepared effector molecules that trigger the target cell's own endogenous apoptotic pathway.
learn more about Cytotoxic T cells here: brainly.com/question/9292555
#SPJ4
Answer:
Formation of cuticles. (A P E X)
Explanation:
Answer:
undifferentiated; blood
Explanation:
Hematopoietic stem cells are undifferentiated cells that develop into blood cells.
