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Agata [3.3K]
3 years ago
12

Using sophisticated molecular cloning techniques, you have isolated the genes for two serotonin transporters, called TransA and

TransB, which are expressed in these neuronal cells. A preliminary immunofluores- cence localization of fixed and permeabilized cells found very bright staining of TransA at the nerve cell plasma membrane and little staining elsewhere. TransB, in contrast, stained only very faintly at the nerve cell plasma membrane, but there was intense staining within the cytosol.
Required:
In which subcellular membrane or organelle would you expect most of the TransB to be found? Explain your answer.
Biology
1 answer:
kherson [118]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

Vesicles  

Explanation:

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that transports signals or messages between neurons.

Most neuronal cells have vesicles in their interior, which are organelles that store neurotransmitters for exportation -by exocytosis- or from recycling -by endocytosis-. These vesicles also protect the neurotransmitter from the enzymatic action.

Vesicles form in the cellular soma, from where they are transported to nervous terminals. Once the vesicle releases the neurotransmitter to the intercellular space, their membrane remains available in the plasmatic membrane to be reused.

The neurotransmitter concentration in the vesicle interior is related to the storage system and the <u>transport system</u>. There are <u>specialized transporter proteins in the vesicle membrane</u> that are involved with the introduction of the molecule to the organelle.

In the exposed example, transporter Trans B might be located in the vesicle membranes, and hence could be found in the cytosol of the cells.

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Lipids provide structure - allow the selective diffusion. Proteins provide structure - involved transport - involved in cell adhesion. Carbohydrates are involved in cell recognition - receptor complexes.

<h3>What is the function of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins in the cell membrane?</h3>

The cell membrane is composed of a lipidic bilayer, cholesterol, proteins, and glucans incrusted in between.

⇒ Lipids

  • Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules.

  • They have hydrophilic heads facing the exterior and the interior of the cells and hydrophobic tails that arrange against each other in the interlayer space.

  • Lipids can easily change places with other lipids by lateral diffusion  and transversal diffusion.

  • Their function is to provide structure to the membrane and allow the diffusion of some selected small molecules.

⇒ Cholesterol

These lipidic molecules play a significant role in membrane formation and structure. They are embedded in the membrane in between phospholipidic tails.

⇒ Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are significant energy store molecules.

Carbohydrates get attached to lipids and proteins on the outer side of the membrane (glycolipids and glycoproteins).

Complexes protein-carbohydrate are used to identify and differentiate the cell and work as receptors.

Carbohydrates are also involved in cell adhesion.

⇒ Proteins

  • Among the proteins, we can find integral proteins and peripheric proteins.

Integral proteins are permanently associated with the membrane. They accomplish many different functions such as substances transport, cellular receptors, and cellular adhesion, among others.

According to how they are incrusted in the lipidic bilayer, integral proteins might be,

→ Transmembrane proteins ⇒ they cross the two lipid layers of the cell membrane.                       

→ Monotypic integral proteins ⇒ they can be found tied to one of the lipidic layers.

Integral proteins provide structure to the plasmatic membrane.

Periferic proteins are in the internal or external surface but not incrusted in the membrane.

In conlusion,

  • Phospholipids are the basic elements of the cell membrane. They are arranged in two layers, and thanks to their motion properties, they allow passive transport (diffusion) of some substances.

  • Proteins provide structure, are involved in facilitated and active transport, and are involved in cell adhesion.

  • Carbohydrates are involved in cell recognition and in receptor complexes.

You can learn more about membrane composition at

brainly.com/question/15651273

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