Long-term potentiation (LTP) is considered a cellular correlate of learning and memory. The presence of G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K(+) (GIRK) channels near excitatory synapses on dendritic spines suggests their possible involvement in synaptic plasticity. However, whether activity-dependent regulation of channels affects excitatory synaptic plasticity is unknown. In a companion article we have reported activity-dependent regulation of GIRK channel density in cultured hippocampal neurons that requires activity oF receptors (NMDAR) and protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) and takes place within 15 min. In this study, we performed whole-cell recordings of cultured hippocampal neurons and found that NMDAR activation increases basal GIRK current and GIRK channel activation mediated by adenosine A(1) receptors, but not GABA(B) receptors. Given the similar involvement of NMDARs, adenosine receptors, and PP1 in depotentiation of LTP caused by low-frequency stimulation that immediately follows LTP-inducing high-frequency stimulation, we wondered whether NMDAR-induced increase in GIRK channel surface density and current may contribute to the molecular mechanisms underlying this specific depotentiation. Remarkably, GIRK2 null mutation or GIRK channel blockade abolishes depotentiation of LTP, demonstrating that GIRK channels are critical for depotentiation, one form of excitatory synaptic plasticity.
Learn more about receptors here:
brainly.com/question/11985070
#SPJ4
Fossils fuels are bad for the environment because it emits air pollutants that are bad. When fossil fuels are burned it causes something called Sulfur dioxide, which causes acid rain.
Answer:
Trichomoniasis
Explanation:
Trichomoniasis is an sexually transmitted disease that affects around 30% of world population. The common symptoms are frequent urge to urinate, vaginal bleeding, burning sensation during urination.
The causative agent of trichomoniasis is a protozoa called <em>Trichomonas vaginalis</em>. This protozoan can be transfer through the genital contact. The protozoa can easily be transfer from affected individual to the healthy individual.
Thus, the correct answer is option (3).
Answer:
Proteins range in molecular weight from 1000 to more than 1 million daltons (Da), but the folded size of a globular protein is not necessary correlated to its molecular weight. Proteins composed of about 250 amino acids or less often have a simple, compact globular shape. Larger globular proteins are usually made up of two or more recognizable and distinct structures, termed domains or modules. These are compact, folded protein structures that are usually stable by themselves in aqueous solution. Typical domain structures consist of hydrophobic cores with hydrophilic surfaces. Individual domains often possess unique functional behaviors and often perform unique functions within the larger protein in which they are found.
<span>All organisms are capable of responding to stimuli, reproducing, growth, development, and homeostasis.
Biodiversity, or biological diversity, is the variety of life on earth. It is the variety between plants, animals, micro-organisms, and the ecosystems where they live.</span>
