Genetic engineering need not involve overriding anyone's autonomy
Answer:
DNA may be taken up by bacterial cells and be active.
Explanation:
To understand Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty's experiment, it is important to know Frederick Griffith's precursor experiment. The microbiologist worked at the British Ministry of Health's Pathology Laboratory with pneumococci (commonly known as the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, then known as Pneumococcus, which causes pneumonia), which were previously classified into several types. When cultured in petri dishes in the laboratory, the pneumococci that synthesize their capsules generate 'smooth' colonies. Subcutaneous injection of liquid culture of these pneumococci into mice causes their death. However, in vitro culture also allows the emergence of rough colonies', whose bacteria have lost the ability to synthesize mucopolysaccharide (and therefore have no capsules). Rough mutants could no longer be classified with sera and, moreover, lost their virulence: mice inoculated with them remained alive, unlike inoculated with smooth pneumococci.
The nature of Griffith's transforming principle remained unclear until the work of Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty. They repeated the in vitro transformation of pneumococci at the Rockfeller Institute for Medical Research, but replaced heat-dead cells with a purified fraction of smooth bacterial extract (unable to cause disease alone) and treated the material with different enzymes, each capable of destroying a specific type of macromolecule. Experience has shown that this fraction retained its transforming capacity when treated with protein or RNA degrading enzymes, but lost that ability when treated with DNA degrading enzymes. These results indicated that the chemical nature of the 'transforming principle' was DNA.
Thus, we can conclude that in addition to identifying genetic material, Avery, MacLeod and McCarty experiments with different strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae demonstrated that DNA can be absorbed by bacterial cells and be active.
ATP. Specifically, during cellular respiration, the energy stored in glucose is transferred to ATP (Figure below). ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is chemical energy the cell can use. It is the molecule that provides energy for your cells to perform work, such as moving your muscles as you walk down the street.
500 because of the 10% rule when moving up in food chains, for example; patch of grass-200J rabbit eats some of it but doesn’t eat all - 150J the rabbit runs around for a bit and loses energy, the fox doesn’t eat all of the rabbit - 50J ( just a rough example may not be completely right but the concept of the rule is there and the energy).
Answer:
0.30
Explanation:
Chalcone synthase is an enzyme ubiquitous to higher plants and belong to the family of polyketide synthase enzyme known as type lll PKS. Type lll PKS are associated with the production of chalcones, a class of organic compounds found manly in plants as natural defense mechanisms and as synthetic intermediates CHS was the first type lll PKS to be discovered. it is the first committed enzyme in flavenoid biosynthesis. the enzyme catalyze the conversion of malonyl-coA to narigenin chalcone.
