Answer:
- Two predictors to measure biodiversity: Species Richness and Simpson's Index
- Biodiversity increases ecosystem stability
- It has been shown that natural ecosystems are more stable than monocultures, while isolated human populations are found in highly diverse ecosystems
Explanation:
Two major predictors to measure biodiversity are: 1-species richness and the 2-Simpson's index. The species richness is a count for the total number of the species in a given habitat and/or ecosystem; while Simpson's index is a similarity index that indicates the likelihood that two different individuals selected at random from a sample will belong to the same species, thereby also estimating the biodiversity of a habit and/or ecosystem. Simpson's index takes into consideration the number of species and the abundance of each species. Ecosystems with high diversity tend to be more stable and resilient than ecosystems with low diversity. Biodiversity increases ecosystem stability due to the species asynchrony, which is a strong driver capable of stabilizing multiple processes/functions in the ecosystems over time (e.g., the productivity of the ecosystems over time). In this regard, it has been shown that forests that are highly diverse in the number of species are more productive and stable under stress than monocultures (i.e., agricultural crops), while isolated human populations live in sustainable ecosystems, it is for that reasons that isolated tribes are only found in highly diverse ecosystems.
Answer:
lactic acid from anaerobic respiration
Explanation:
Atherosclerosis
Explanation:
Correct order of the sequence of events that leads to atherosclerosis is:
c, d, b, a
Development of atherosclerosis is caused by a high concentration of LDL‐cholesterol in the blood, and lowering the level of LDL‐cholesterol reverses atherosclerosis thus preventing cardiovascular disease
Cholesterol is the key component of arterial plaques which gave rise to the cholesterol hypothesis for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
Population studies have shown that elevated levels of both LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apoB) 100, which is the main structural protein of LDL, are directly associated with risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular events
Answer:
Rocks from retreating glaciers
The rocky upper layer of the solid earth is called the "lithosphere". This rocky part includes the brittle upper portion of the mantle and also of the crust. It is bounded by the atmosphere above and of the asthenosphere which is another part of the upper portion of the mantle.
