Answers to #1:
Raphael Lemkin's definition of genocide was not accepted until after the Holocaust.
Raphael Lemkin had been studying the problem of mass killings of a people group since the 1920s, in regard to Turkish slaughter of Armenians in 1915. He coined the term "genocide" in 1944, in reference then also to the Holocaust. The term uses Greek language roots and means "killing of a race" of people. Lemkin served as an advisor to Justice Robert Jackson, the lead prosecutor at the Nuremberg trials. "Crimes against humanity" was the charge used at the Nuremberg trials, since no international legal definition of "genocide" had yet been accepted. Ultimately, Lemkin was able to persuade the United Nations to accept the definition of genocide and codify it into international law. In December, 1948, the United Nations adopted the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, which made use of a number of Lemkin's ideas on the subject.
#2: For item #2, you didn't ask a question, so I won't attempt to guess at what question you might have in mind. The definition as you quote it comes from Article II of the UN's Genocide Convention. Article III also indicts intention and conspiracy to commit genocide as crimes against international law. Article IV of that same Convention then puts teeth into the UN's action, saying, "Persons committing genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in article III shall be punished, whether they are constitutionally responsible rulers, public officials or private individuals."
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The united states has had to rely on military and relational alliance since its creation. Domestically, the american government has had to involve its citizens in matters of state, and also ensure the safety, and even military intervention on behalf of its citizens. This is due to the fact that they are its first and foremost ally. To make this possible and achievable, the american constitution has made provision for the importance of its citizens above every other. Externally, the united states has several allies with whom it has made pact with. This pacts can range from providing military support when need be, to providing economic and social support. The major allies of the united states are within NATO, which was formed during the cold war era to bolster america's chances of winning in the case of a war outbreak between the united states and the USSR. Till date, america has kept its end of the bargain even going as far as shouldering the major responsibilities of NATO, which some Americans believe is uncalled for.
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Constantine XI Palaeologus
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that's my answer please
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A. In first Crusade
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The Egyptian Pyramids were first built for their pharaohs. In their religion, it is to be believed that in order to succeed in the afterlife, the corpse needs to be kept deep inside a temple buried in with gold and treasure.
The pyramid had many halls and rooms to also keep other family member, servents, or anyone close/related to them. They also has false rooms in order to trick future robbers from stealing the treasure.
I believe that the pyramids were kept as Ancient World Heritage sites for a variety of reasons. One reason is the size. Pyramid of Giza is a very tall structure, ranked as the tallest man-made structure in the world for 400 years. Not only that, but pyramids are important artifacts of the past, displaying the culture of those before us.
