Oncogenes are most like the gas pedal on a car, while tumor suppressor genes are most like the brakes on a car. Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are mutated in cancer cells.
Oncogenes are genes overexpressed in cells in which they should not be expressed, thereby leading to cancer.
Some examples of oncogenes are growth factors such as, for example, the Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or Epidermal growth factor (EGF).
Conversely, tumor suppressor genes are genes that act to regulate cell division and replication, thereby their inactivation also leads to cancer.
A well-known example of a tumor suppressor gene is the p53 gene that acts to control cell division and apoptosis (programmed cell death).
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Answer:skeletal evidence of evolution
Explanation:
So I’m not sure the best way to explain this, will edit in one second
So basically some creatures have leftover bones or other features that have no benefit but they also aren’t detrimental, and they are the result of evolution. There is a great video on bad animal skeletons by Sam O Nella Academy, it has some strong languages so inappropriate jokes, probably, all of them do, and this is middle school biology so watch at your own risk, but I think a pint you could bring up that your teacher would be impressed by is really any animal with a weird skeleton, for example dolphins who just have a random bone image where their legs used to be, they obviously don’t have legs but their ancestors did and to this day they still have a random bit of bone where an ancestor of theirs used to have legs, so skeletons help connect what a common ancestor looked like to what the current species looks like through similar bone structure and/or left over bones, such as dolphins who have a plate where an ancestor used to have legs
Answer:
The correct answer is "I, II, and III".
Explanation:
The missing options of this question are:
I only
II only
III only
I, II, and III
The correct answer is "I, II, and III".
Antibiotics are of different spectrums of activity depending on the number of pathogens they can kill. They are different reasons for this differences in antibiotic specificity:
I. Antibiotics interrupt processes found in some but not all pathogen cells. For instance, some antibiotics are directed to cell walls that not all bacteria posses.
II. Some pathogens have no metabolic processes to interrupt. The antibiotics that are directed to metabolic reactions of bacteria are not effective in treating viruses because they do not perform this metabolic reactions.
III. Some pathogens have developed genetic resistance to specific antibiotics. Bacteria have a remarkable genetic plasticity having plasmids that can be easily transmitted among them, which give them antibiotic resistance.
Answer:
Parenchyma has a thin cell wall of their cells, and are made up of cellulose. Whereas collenchyma cells have an uneven cell wall made up of pectin and hemicellulose. There is a hard and thick cell wall present of the sclerenchyma cells, which is made up of the lignin.
Explanation:
Answer:
amino acids can build proteins!
