Answer: 15%
Explanation:
IRR is the discount rate that makes the NPV equal zero. Required rates of return that are less than the IRR will therefore result in a positive NPV and those that are higher will result in a negative NPV.
Use Excel to find the IRR.
= IRR(-328325,115000,115000,115000,115000)
= 15%
As the required rate of 13% is less than the IRR of 15%, the new machine will have a positive NPV.
Answer:
The solution is given below.
Explanation:
It is a practical, complex scheduling problem that can be easily modelled and solved as IP. Note that part time and full time employees are paid at different rates. So, it is important that the bank operates to provide required service level (indicated by the number of tellers per hour) while minimizing total cost due to staff salary.
We use x as full time and y as part time staff.
It would help if you construct a table as shown below to better analyze the problem before attempting to model it. Red shows work hrs of full time staff and green is for part timers. Just follow their work hour rules.
So, full timers have 3 options:
(i) start at 9 – work till 1pm, take 1 hr break, then work 2 – 5 pm
(ii) start at 10 – work till 2pm, take 1 hr break, then work 3 – 6 pm
(iii) start at 11 – work till 3pm, take 1 hr break, then work 4 – 7 pm
that’s all… bank closes at 7 pm.
However, part timers don’t have 1 hr break. They work straight 4 hrs and leave. See green cells above to understand their alternatives.
Now, decision variables should include this work hour information. Here goes their definition. You must clearly define decision variables in exam, otherwise, the model is meaningless.
X9 = number of full time staff who start at 9 and follow the hour-related rule (no need to specify more details; those are already undestood)
X10 = number of full time staff who start at 10 and follow the hour-related rule
X11 = number of full time staff who start at 11 and follow the hour-related rule
Y9 = number of part time staff who start at 9 and follow the hour-related rule
Y10 = number of part time staff who start at 10 and follow the hour-related rule
…. This way you define up to Y15.
You must also specify that:
Xi, Yi >=0, integers.
Objective Function:
Minimize Z = 105*(x9 + x10 + x11) + 32* (y9 + y10 + … + y 15)
You will need one “covering” constraint for each working hour. Both full and part-timers can “cover” the duty of each hour. Look at the color-coded table (above) column-wise. The 9:00-10:00 hour can be covered only by x9 and y9 staff; next hour by x9, x10, y9, y10 only,… and so on. So, the
constraints are: (attached with image)
Answer: Decline in GDP = $1009.3 billion
Explanation:
Okun's law shows us the relationship between a nation's unemployment rate and its level of output or real GDP.
According to the Okun's law,
Therefore, a 7% decline in GDP as compared to the level in 2009 means,
= 1009.33 billion or 1009.3 billion
Thus, GDP declined by $1009.3 billion.