Ecosystems need producers because they are the start of the food chain.
Producers are consumed by first consumers, the second consumers and so on.
Answer:
Photosystem I (PS-I )and photosystem II (PS-II ) are two multi-protein complexes. These complexes contain the pigments used to absorb, harvest and catalyze the photons and light energy in the photosynthetic reactions. The main purpose of photosynthesis reactions to produce high chemical energy compounds.
Photosystem I and II are different from each other because of their absorbing wavelength of light. PS-I absorbs the longer wavelength of light than PS-II.
PS-I plays the major role in the production of high energy carriers ATP and NADPH using light energy (700 nm).
PS-II plays its function in the hydrolysis of water and ATP synthesis using light energy (680 nm).
In a population of grasshoppers, the color green (G) is completely dominant over the color brown (g). If 23% of the population is brown, calculate the percentage of the population that is expected to be heterozygous (Gg).
50 percent
Answer:The ratio of the concentrations of 
and 
when the buffer has a pH of 7.02 is 0.69
Explanation:
The dissociation constant for formic acid = 
Concentration of HA= 0.5 mM
Concentration of = 0.1 mM
pH = 6.16
First we have to calculate the value of 
.
Using Henderson Hesselbach equation :
![pH=pK_a+\log \frac{[A^-}{[HA]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=pH%3DpK_a%2B%5Clog%20%5Cfrac%7B%5BA%5E-%7D%7B%5BHA%5D%7D)
Now put all the given values in this expression, we get:
![6.16=pK_a+\log (\frac{[0.1]}{0.5})](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=6.16%3DpK_a%2B%5Clog%20%28%5Cfrac%7B%5B0.1%5D%7D%7B0.5%7D%29)
To calculate the ratio of the concentrations of and when the buffer has a pH of 7.02.
Using Henderson Hesselbach equation :
![7.02=6.86+\log \frac{[A^-]}{[HA]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=7.02%3D6.86%2B%5Clog%20%5Cfrac%7B%5BA%5E-%5D%7D%7B%5BHA%5D%7D)
![\frac{[A^-]}{[HA]}=1.44](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B%5BA%5E-%5D%7D%7B%5BHA%5D%7D%3D1.44)
![\frac{[HA]}{[A^-]}=0.69](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B%5BHA%5D%7D%7B%5BA%5E-%5D%7D%3D0.69)
Thus the ratio of the concentrations of and when the buffer has a pH of 7.02 is 0.69
