The two fundamental principles used in building cladograms are principles of parsimony and robusticity.
The principle of parismony states that the simplest of competing explanations is the one most likely to be correct.
The principle of rubusticity states that trees that maintains their basic forms even when different options are applied to the sequence of changes in one or more of their branches are preferable.<span />
<span>The nervous system has numerous functions including the perception, reception and processing of sensory stimuli, control of the reflexes, voluntary and involuntary motor functions and responses, autonomic muscle functions, homeostatic mechanisms, and relay of motor responses to different parts of the body.</span>
D. All of its wavelengths are harmful
This is false, because a lot of electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light we see with our eyes) is not harmful.
It would be a solution. It would result in a mixture called a solution.
Answer:
The reaction is at equilibrium
Explanation:
The Krebs cycle is an aerobic pathway because the final electron acceptor required is oxygen.
The most common situation leading to a disruption in the function of Krebs cycle is the lack of oxygen to accept electrons in the electron transport chain.
The conversion of citrate to isocitrate (isomerization), is catalyzed by the enzyme, aconitase (also known as aconitate hydratase). The hydroxyl (alcohol) group of citrate is moved to an adjacent carbon so that it can be oxidized to form a keto group.
This reaction involves generation of an enzyme-bound intermediate, cisaconitate. At equilibrium, there exists 90% citrate, 3% cisaconitate, and 7% isocitrate; hence the equilibrium of aconitase lies toward citrate formation.
Although the aconitase reaction does not require cofactors, it requires ferrous (Fe2+) iron in its catalytic mechanism. This Fe2+ is involved in an iron–sulfur center, which is an essential component in the hydratase activity of aconitase.
According to Gibb's free energy:
ΔG = 0 - Reaction at equilibrium.
ΔG > 0 - non-spontaneous reaction.
ΔG < 0 - spontaneous reaction.
