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kiruha [24]
2 years ago
9

Say you are planning to start a new business. You expect to have losses for the first 2 years and then achieve significant profi

ts. But, in order to grow, you will need to be able to keep the after-tax earnings. You also want to limit your liability. How will you structure your business regarding issuing debt versus increasing equity and why
Business
1 answer:
Fofino [41]2 years ago
8 0

Answer:

Answer is explained in the explanation section below.

Explanation:

Solution:

It is perfectly natural that the loss will occur at the start. Since it is not able to pay fixed interest obligations, a preferential or equity capital increase is recommended. The debt fund will create a financial crisis in the capital structure because it will be difficult for the company to fulfil its payment obligation on the initial stage.

The composition of debt capital will contribute to a certain tax savings, but it will certainly increase the overall outflow of the fund.

For Example:  

Total Capital is 1,000,000 costing of 500,00 debt and 500,000 equity and 40 % tax bracket.  

Suppose total return is 10% on capital.

Earnings for the year :   1,000,000 * 10 %  =   100,000

Interest obligation (assume borrowed at 12 % )      = 60,000

Profit before tax                                                        = 40,000

Tax at the rate  40%                                                 =  16,000

Earning after tax available for growth                     = 24,000

Total capital only consists of equities in this example.

The earnings will be same                                        =  100,000

Less tax at the rate 40 %                                           =  40,000

Net earnings available for future growth                 = 60,000

We have an extra earnings available for future growth is 36,000 (60,000 - 24,000).

Ignore tax saving 24,000 (40,000 - 16,000) Because the enterprise requires more for future growth following tax earnings at the initial stage.

So,

The business was structured to maximize the use of own resources instead of borrowing the fund.

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alina1380 [7]

An example of a natural monopoly found across the globe is power delivery.

Is electricity a natural monopoly?

  • Electricity service grocery delivery retail store security driveway concrete repair Natural Monopolies.
  • A natural monopoly exists when average costs continuously fall as the firm gets larger.
  • An electric company is a classic example of a natural monopoly.

What are some examples of monopolies?

Natural gas, electricity companies, and other utility companies are examples of natural monopolies.

They exist as monopolies because the cost to enter the industry is high and new entrants are unable to provide the same services at lower prices and in quantities comparable to the existing firm.

Learn more about this here:

brainly.com/question/5372062

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6 0
2 years ago
If for a given individual, between a wage rate of $20 and $25 the ____________________ effect outweighs the ________________ eff
lakkis [162]

Answer:

Substitution Effect outweighs Income Effect ; Labour Supply Curve between wages will be upward sloping. OR :-

Income Effect outweighs Substitution Effect ; Labour Supply Curve between wages will be backward bending

Explanation:

Relationship between wage rate & labour supply can be explained by two effects :

  • Substitution Effect : Higher wage means more opportunity cost of leisure, so labourer would substitute leisure by working hours. This would imply increased labour supply.
  • Income Effect : Higher wage means more income. At higher income, consumer demands more of all goods, including leisure. So that would imply labourer preferring more leisure, decreased labour supply.

Wage rate change from $20 to $25 is a case of wage rate increase

If substitution effect > income effect, labour supply would increase as a result of wage rise ( from $20 to $25). So, the labour supply curve would be upward sloping

If income effect > substitution effect, labour supply would decrease as a result of wage rise ( from $20 to $25). So, the labour supply curve would be backward bending

5 0
3 years ago
Historically, the geographic division structure is associated with companies pursuing ________ strategies.
aleksandrvk [35]
Hey there Emilymontalva1227,

Historically, the geographic division structure is associated with companies pursuing ______ strategies.

Answer:

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3 0
3 years ago
The risk free rate of return is 2.5% and the market risk premium is 8%. Rogue Transport has a beta of 2.2 and a standard deviati
4vir4ik [10]

Answer:

20.1%

Explanation:

In capital asset prcing model (CAPM), cost of equity (or cost of retained earnings in this context) is calculated as below:

<em>Cost of equity = risk-free rate of return + beta x (market index return - risk-free rate of return)</em>

Please note that <em>(market index return - risk-free rate of return)</em> is equal to <em>market risk premium</em>

Putting all the number together, we have:

Cost of equity/retained earnings = 2.5% + 2.2 x 8% = 20.1%

<em>Note: The dividend growth rate, tax rate & stock standard deviation is not relevant in answering the question.</em>

6 0
3 years ago
The transactions of Spade Company appear below.
torisob [31]

Answer:

Please see the required journals below.

Explanation:

a. Owner's investment in business

Debit Cash $18,750

Credit Common Stock $18,750

b. Purchase of office supplies

Debit Office Supplies $544

Credit Cash $544

c. Purchase of office equipment on credit

Debit Office Equipment $10,369

Credit Accounts Payable $10,369

d. Receipt of fees for services provided to a customer

Debit Cash $2,212

Credit Fees Earned $2,212

e. Payment of office equipment purchased on credit

Debit Accounts Payable $10,369

Credit Cash $10,369

f. Fees for services provided to a customer

Debit Accounts Receivable $3,975

Credit Fees Earned $3,975

g. Payment for monthly rent

Debit Rent Expense $515

Credit Cash $515

h. Collection of partial accounts receivable in (f) above

Debit Cash $1,670

Credit Accounts Receivable $1,670

i. Withdrawal of cash for personal use

Debit Drawings account $1,100

Credit Cash $1,100

5 0
3 years ago
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