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kiruha [24]
3 years ago
9

Say you are planning to start a new business. You expect to have losses for the first 2 years and then achieve significant profi

ts. But, in order to grow, you will need to be able to keep the after-tax earnings. You also want to limit your liability. How will you structure your business regarding issuing debt versus increasing equity and why
Business
1 answer:
Fofino [41]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

Answer is explained in the explanation section below.

Explanation:

Solution:

It is perfectly natural that the loss will occur at the start. Since it is not able to pay fixed interest obligations, a preferential or equity capital increase is recommended. The debt fund will create a financial crisis in the capital structure because it will be difficult for the company to fulfil its payment obligation on the initial stage.

The composition of debt capital will contribute to a certain tax savings, but it will certainly increase the overall outflow of the fund.

For Example:  

Total Capital is 1,000,000 costing of 500,00 debt and 500,000 equity and 40 % tax bracket.  

Suppose total return is 10% on capital.

Earnings for the year :   1,000,000 * 10 %  =   100,000

Interest obligation (assume borrowed at 12 % )      = 60,000

Profit before tax                                                        = 40,000

Tax at the rate  40%                                                 =  16,000

Earning after tax available for growth                     = 24,000

Total capital only consists of equities in this example.

The earnings will be same                                        =  100,000

Less tax at the rate 40 %                                           =  40,000

Net earnings available for future growth                 = 60,000

We have an extra earnings available for future growth is 36,000 (60,000 - 24,000).

Ignore tax saving 24,000 (40,000 - 16,000) Because the enterprise requires more for future growth following tax earnings at the initial stage.

So,

The business was structured to maximize the use of own resources instead of borrowing the fund.

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Comparing how many dollars it takes you to run your car each year to annual earnings on a job insteadof keeping track of costs i
stepan [7]

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Money has several functions, one of its principal function is using it as unit of account. By comparing the amount in dollars spent on running a car yearly to annual earnings instead of keeping track in terms of gasoline cost and quarts of oil shows that money has been used as a unit of account.

This means that the amount of gasoline gallons bought and quarts of oil has been essentially replaced by the cost of these purchases and hence avail is the power to use money as a unit of account

5 0
3 years ago
Barton Industries expects that its target capital structure for raising funds in the future for its capital budget will consist
iris [78.8K]

Answer:

a. With New Stock = 8.307%

b. With Old stock = 7.971%

Explanation:

The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) defines the cost rate that blends the capital structure cost including equity, debt, and preferred stock.

Requirement A

If it uses retained earnings as its source of common equity,

Given,

The weight of the combination of the capital structure is -

W_{d} = 40% = 0.40; W_{p} = 5% = 0.05; W_{e} = 55% = 0.55

For cost of debt, we have to find cost of debt after tax, R_{d}(1 - t) =

6.9% x (1 - 0.40) = 4.14%

Cost of preferred stock, R_{p} = 6.4%

Cost of new Equity, R_{e} = 11.51%

We know, the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) =

W_{d} x R_{d} + W_{p} x R_{p} + W_{e} x R_{e}

= (0.40 x 4.14%) + (0.05 x 6.4%) + (0.55 x 11.51%)

= 1.656% + 0.32% + 6.3305%

= 8.307%

Requirement B

If it has to issue new common stock, the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) = W_{d} x R_{d} + W_{p} x R_{p} + W_{s} x R_{s}

Given,

The weight of the combination of the capital structure is -

W_{d} = 40% = 0.40; W_{p} = 5% = 0.05; W_{e} = 55% = 0.55

For cost of debt, we have to find cost of debt after tax, R_{d}(1 - t) =

6.9% x (1 - 0.40) = 4.14%

Cost of preferred stock, R_{p} = 6.4%

Cost of new Equity, R_{s} = 10.9%

Therefore, putting the value in the equation,

WACC = (0.40 x 4.14%) + (0.05 x 6.4%) + (0.55 x 10.9%)

WACC = 1.656% + 0.32% + 5.995%

WACC = 7.971%

4 0
3 years ago
Assess the benefits and drawbacks of the high-speed rail project. In your opinion, do benefits outweigh drawbacks, or vice versa
Andrews [41]

Answer:

The benefits of a High Speed Rail in California:

  • It becomes a feasible alternative to air travel, because it can be either cheaper, or even faster, since passengers do not have to spend as much time on a train station as they do on an airport.
  • If demand is high enough, state highways can become less congested, because many people who would otherwise travel by car, would take a high speed train instead.
  • Because the trains are electric, they are likely to help reduce pollution.

The cons would be:

  • We cannot know for sure how many people would take the high speed trains. Demand could not be high enough to justify the cost.
  • The line would be very costly.
  • It could end up benefit only a small section of the population who would take the trains, or who travel often.

I believe that the benefits outweigh the drawbacks, as can be seen in most countries where high speed lines have been made between large cities. For example, in Spain, the line between Madrid and Barcelona is profitable. The same would likely happen for a line between Los Angeles and San Francisco.

What are the implications of starting a project based on tenuous projections that may or may not come true 10 years from now?

If demand projections are tenous, there is always the possiblity that the high speed line could not be profitable. However, this risk can be lowered if the line is made between highly populated cities.

Could you justify the California high-speed rail project from the perspective of a massive public works initiative?

Yes, a high speed rail would be a project that could massively impact California. The benefits of its operation could outweight the cost.

In other words, what other factors enter into the decision of whether to pursue a high-speed rail project?

As I said before, the most important factor is to construct line between highly populated cities in order to reduce the risk of not having enough demand. It has been demonstrated around the world, in Spain, in Italy, in Japan, in China, that high speed lines that connect very populated regions, can be profitable.

7 0
3 years ago
In a monopoly market, Select one: a. other firms have no incentive to enter the market. b. profits will always be positive becau
Ratling [72]

Answer: Option (c) is correct.

Explanation:

Correct option: The demand facing the firm is downward-sloping because it is the market demand.

In a monopoly market conditions, there is a single seller in the market and the monopolist firm is price setter. But the demand curve faced by the monopoly firm is downward sloping because monopolist is a single firm who is operating in the market and there is a need to reduce prices if he wants to sell an additional units.

4 0
3 years ago
When Nike purchases it's raw materials it wants to ensure they meet a specific quality management standard worldwide. This will
4vir4ik [10]

Answer:

their

Explanation:

Nike should purchase it's raw materials from organizations that meet ______their_______________ standards.

6 0
3 years ago
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