D: Surface-water runoff from rain
The right answer is A.
The methylation profile of DNA is not obtained when DNA sequencing is performed.
Methylation is a process that can occur in DNA especially at the cytosine level. And this has a very important role in gene expression as it is part of the epigenetic expression.
Gene methylation can induce or repress gene expression depending on the localization of methylated bases.
There are a few vital characteristics to mention here. First we have to know about which ions we're talking about as the cellular membrane is semi-permeable (lets some flow freely through the membrane and some not), it depends on the size of the compounds, and also the charge that a molecule has.
I can say for certain that it's really probably not A. or D.
As for B. or C., I'd say C.