Answer:
Prokaryotic cells are more simple and smaller than eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are structurally more simple because of their small size. It's also defined as the smaller a cell size, the greater is its surface to volume ratio (means surface area of a cell compared to its volume).
In smaller prokaryotic cells, a large surface to volume ratio is present. It means that nutrients can rapidly and easily reach any interior part of the cell.
The large eukaryotic cell have limited surface area as compared to its volume it means that nutrients cannot rapidly reach to all interior parts of the cell, because of that eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells, and they require specialized internal organelles to carry out processes like provide energy, metabolism and transport necessary chemicals throughout the cell.
Answer: <span>Normal microbiota directly kill invading organisms.
Some bacteria that reside in our body are useful to combat pathogenic microorganisms. Those bacteria, like lactobacillus and E.coli, inhibit the growth of those pathogenic organisms by taking, for example, oxygen and nutrients from them, or even changing the local ph. They can also produce metabolites that make the environment impossible to live for the intruders.
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Light microscopes have a lower resolution because the refracted light waves spread out which make the image a bit blurred. Also, light microscopes can’t magnify as well as election microscopes. To observe internal structures with a light microscope, you usually need to use dyes. Hope this helped!
Id go with B since eating healthy and being active is what crates a healthy lifestyle.
Hope this helps!
Answer:
e. All of the above are considered species under at least one species concept.
Explanation:
All of the abovementioned conditions satisfy at least one condition of species definition. Further arguments are given below to support each statement,
a. A species is the <u>monophyletic group</u> of individuals who has a <u>common ancestor</u> which could be <u>distinguished from the closest phylogenetic relative</u> based on <u>conserved genes</u> (16S in bacteria and 18S in eukaryotes). In the statement above, beetles satisfy this condition.
b. A species is the group of individuals that are capable of <u>exchanging genes or can interbreed</u>. In the above statement, birds who are interbreeding with each other must be a single species.
c. A metapopulation is generically defined as the group of populations who are <u>separated by space</u> but are the <u>same species according to phylogenetic analysis</u>. Thus, the metapopulation of salamanders who are linked by gene flow (gene migration) should be treated as one species.
d. The word "<u>lineage</u>" already conveys the message that these bacteria belong share <u>sample place in the phylogenetic tree</u> and they are capable to adapt the same environmental niche. Therefore, they should be considered as one species. This can be easily tested via 16S rRNA sequencing.
