The royal governor. The governor had great power over the political structure of a colony. They would decide when to call for provincial assemblies, to dissolve, to prorogue, and even vet legislation that has been passed by those assemblies. Basically the governor ensured that royal policy in the colonies was enforced.
B. Articles of Confederation
Martin Luther was excommunicated becuase he was going against the Roman Catholic church. He was saying that you didn't need to pay indulgences to the Roman Catholic church just to get into heaven. All you had to do was believe that Jesus christ died on the cross to save our sins. So when he went against the Roman Catholic church, the pope was mad becuase if people started believing him, they would lose money.
I hope this helped you out!
Jim crow laws, didn't allow them to vote