1. Paris to Carthage is a route that involves trade outside the Byzantine Empire.
The abolitionist movement was against people being dis-empowered and enslaved because of their colour. The feminist movement grew from the same point, particularly in the USA and England, for women realized they had been dis-empowered because of their gender. Neither gender or colour was choice.
Indulgences became increasingly popular in the Middle Ages as a reward for displaying piety and doing good deeds, though, doctrinally speaking, the Church stated that the indulgence was only valid for temporal punishment for sins already forgiven in the Sacrament of Confession.
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It influenced them to adopt reforms.