D) British explorer James Cook landed in Australia in 1770.
Explanation:
- Aborigines who have settled in Australia around 50 000 years ago had their own culture and system..
- But when Captain James Cook arrived on the east coast of Australia in 1770, declared British possession and called it New South Wales everything has changed.
- The UK has set up a penal colony on this continent for its offenders and convicts. The first British fleet with convicts, soldiers and the first governor of the colony, Arthur Philip, landed on January 26, 1788. This date is celebrated today as Australia Day.
- The last penal colony was closed in Tasmania almost a century later.
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