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The Categorical Imperative, was the philosophical view of moral actions and behavior in people, according to Immanuel Kant, its creator. Basically, this philosophy states that there are universal truths that cannot be altered, or changed, by absolutely anything: not by culture, not by genetics, not by learning, and much less by the beliefs of the majority. A truth is what it is, and it must be obeyed as the utmost "right", not merely what is "good".
In contrast to Kant´s philosophy, which was born from Kant´s displeasure with how the society of his time behaved, it was hypothetical imperatives that would dictate how people needed to behave to be considered moral. These hypothetical imperatives were truths that were dependent on certain circumstances, and on empirical knowledge, and therefore, were bound to change given certain conditions. This was something that Kant could not tolerate and thus fed his need to create his Categorical Imperative philosophy.
However, even during his own time Kant´s philosophy was criticized and questioned. And one person who did that was Benjamin Constant, who proposed the idea of the Inquiring Murdered. He said that if Kant´s philosophy of moral behavior was absolute, then when a murdered asked a question, he should be given the TRUTH, because that woud be what was universally held as morally right. But if that truth led to the murderer finding his victim, then, what did the philosophy told people was right to do? This questioning showed even Kant that there were instances in which due to the nature of the situation, lying would not be held as wrong, but rather, as the correct measure to act morally.
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While Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution sets up the ability of the president to select the heads of the executive departments, it was President George Washington who established the “Cabinet” as his group of advisers who reported in private and solely to the U.S. chief executive officer.
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La Reconquista fue un período de aproximadamente 800 años en la Edad Media durante el cual algunos reinos cristianos de la Península Ibérica lograron expulsar a los musulmanes musulmanes de la península, después de haber conquistado la Península Ibérica a partir del 711 en adelante.
La conquista musulmana del Imperio visigodo en el siglo VIII puso gran parte de la península bajo dominio musulmán, a excepción del extremo norte, las zonas de Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria y el País Vasco. Tras siglos de guerras, en el siglo XIII sólo quedaba el reino musulmán de Granada, que fue conquistado por Castilla y Aragón en 1492, dejando la Península Ibérica enteramente en manos cristianas.
